To determine the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior intention of having "natural childbirth" in pregnant women in Birjand

Background and Aim: Given the increasing rate of cesarean sections in Iran, as a major health problem and its effects on maternal mortality, the present study aimed at determining the predictive capacity of the "theory of planned behavior" [TPB] regarding the intention for having "natural childbirth" in pregnant women of Birjand city in 2015

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 195 pregnant women in their 20[th] to 24[th] gestation weeks were incorporated via convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was the standardized questionnaire developed based on the TPB constructs. The reliability of the questionnaire, was approved using Cronbach's alpha in the domains of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and the subjective norms were 0.71, 0.71, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS [V. 16], using Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the role of each construct and regression analysis tests. The significant level was P< 0.05 and beta=0.415] and perceived behavioral control [P<0.05] and beta=0.342] were respectively the best predictors of intention to natural childbirth

Conclusion: The current study showed that TPB can predict pregnant mothers' intention of having natural childbirth

[ value of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of prostate cancer]

Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death and is the most common cause of cancer in elderly men. Regarding to the low accuracy of screening methods such as prostate-specific antigen [PSA], Digital Rectal Examination [DRE] and trans rectal ultrasound [TRUS] in detection and localization of tumor, Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] and Diffusion Weighted Imaging [DWI] attracted many attentions in the past years. DWI reveals micro-molecular diffusion, which is the Brownian motion of the spins in biologic tissues. This technique can delineate pathologic lesions with high tissue contrast against generally suppressed background signal. In this paper, the value of DWI in detection of prostate cancer is studied. In this cross-sectional study, the studied population are suspicious patients to prostate cancer based on high Prostatic Specific Antigen level or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination who refered for prostate biopsy to radiology department of Hazrat-e- Rasoul Hospital during the year 2011. The results of DWI are compared to biopsy results for all patients. Eighty five patients are selected. The DWI sensitivity in detecting of prostate cancer is 100%, specificity 97.1% and positive and negative predictive values are 89.5% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that if DWI reports the prostate cancer as negative, the result was highly reliable and if it reports as positive, although the report was not 100% reliable, but it still had high reliability, more than 90%. DWI had high accuracy in detecting prostate cancer for patients with cancer. Also the accuracy of this method for patients without prostate cancer was acceptable compared to the other common methods.

Werdnig Hoffman in heterozygote twins

Spinal Muscular Atrophy [SMA] consists of three types of disease including Werdnig Hoffman [SMA type1] which is an autosomal recessive degenerative motor neuron disease. These patients have abnormally in motor function of the muscles and will die in the first few years of life. The genetic locuses of all three types of SMA are on the chromosome numbers and a deletion in locus 5q11 -q13 will result in a variety of this disease. Case Report: heterozygous twin infants [boy and girl] were born from relative parents admitted to the hospital, one in three days after another, with upper respiratory tract infection, respiratory distress and coughing. They were hypotonic and had tongue fasciculation. They were intubated and ventilated in the PICU. SMA was suspected because of the general muscular weakness; therefore, biopsy and neurophysiologic studies were performed. Quadriceps muscle biopsy showed fascicular atrophy of muscle fibers and in genetic analysis of SMN1 gene in twin homozygous deletion of SMN1 gene at exon 7 was found. They became ventilator dependent and suffered respiratory failure and two weeks after their admissions in hospital, and with three day interval, died. It seems prudent to perform genetic assessments before having children in the parents who are close relatives especially after one affected child

25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in kidney transplant recipients

After kidney transplantation, patients appear to have vitamin D deficiency due to the use of immunosuppressive treatment and prevention of sunlight. This study was designed to determine vitamin D serum levels in kidney transplant patients in comparison with healthy individuals. Forty-six kidney transplant patients with a creatinine clearance greater than 60 mL/min and 46 healthy individuals with normal kidney function were tested for serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone at the end of the summer. Thirty-one participants were men and 15 were women in each group. The mean age was 41.0 +/- 14.2 years in kidney transplant recipients and 41.4 +/- 13.7 years in the control group. Inadequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was seen in 93.5% of the transplant patients and in 89.1% of the controls. There was a 58.7% vitamin D insufficiency [20 ng/mL to 30 ng/mL] and a 34.8% deficiency [lower than 20 ng/mL] in the patients, and these rates were 58.7% and 26.0% in the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in kidney transplant patients. Lack of a significant difference between our two groups may be attributable to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population and the use of vitamin D supplementation in transplant patients. Indeed, adequate doses of vitamin D in these patients are undetermined. They may need higher doses for normalization of serum vitamin D and metabolic requirements